解析锡珠缺陷的原因及危害

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解析锡珠缺陷的原因及危害

Views: 1 创始人: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-03-14 Origin: Site

锡珠是在焊接过程中产生的。当锡膏印刷出现缺陷、锡膏坍塌，或者锡膏被贴片器件挤出焊盘时，经过回流焊，就会在元器件侧面或者留在元器件下方形成锡珠。它类似焊球，但尺寸更大，一般出现在矩形片式元器件两侧或者细间距引脚之间。

锡珠产生的原因有很多，主要包括阻焊层、焊剂、润湿性、钢网开孔设计、贴片压力、合金成分、锡膏氧化、锡膏坍塌性差、锡膏活性不足、锡膏飞溅、漏版孔径形状、回流温度曲线、回流无氮气保护等。

阻焊层方面 不光滑的阻焊层能够减少残留物扩散，所以往往产生较少的锡珠；而光滑的阻焊层则容易产生较多锡珠，因为液态时焊剂可能更易扩散。

焊剂组成方面 焊剂较多的焊膏容易产生锡珠。这是因为在钎焊过程中，焊剂比焊膏先熔化。当焊膏开始熔化时，焊剂在“毛细”作用下，顺着元器件两侧底端的缝隙向中部延伸，直至两端焊剂在中部汇聚。过多的焊剂会带着部分小颗粒一起迁移，同时向PCB表面沉积。冷却时，由于表面张力的作用，靠近焊盘和元器件焊端的合金被拉向焊盘形成焊点，而远离焊盘的合金逐渐向元器件中部收缩，于是在元器件侧面形成锡珠。如果焊剂过少，锡膏流动性差，钎焊效果不好。所以在选择锡膏时，应注意焊剂的比例，既不能太大，也不能太小。

润湿性好坏方面 回流焊时，如果焊膏与焊盘和元器件的润湿性不好，液态焊料在冷却收缩过程中，部分液态合金会从焊缝流出形成锡珠。造成润湿性差的原因主要有两点：一是焊膏、焊盘和元器件引脚等材料的润湿性差；二是钎焊工艺不当，例如焊膏印刷完之后没有及时钎焊，焊膏中的合金颗粒氧化、助焊剂挥发，使焊膏润湿性变差。另外，在无铅焊接中，如果没有氮气保护，钎焊过程中容易造成钎料氧化，润湿性变差，印刷模板焊盘不清洁也可能导致润湿性变差。

钎焊工艺方面 钎焊温度过高时，钎料流动性好，钎料合金容易流出钎缝，形成锡珠。另外，预热升温过快，溶剂气化膨胀迅速，当膨胀力大于焊膏的黏结力时，就会使元器件下方的焊膏塌陷，焊膏被挤出钎焊缝从而形成锡珠。预热升温太慢，会产生强烈的毛细现象，熔融合金容易被吸出钎缝，形成锡珠。所以合理设计温度曲线能有效减少锡珠。此外，锡珠的形成还和钢网孔开口设计有关。过多的锡膏沉积容易产生锡珠，所以焊盘孔径要与元器件宽度相同或者略小一点，模板厚度不能太厚，否则容易造成焊膏沉积过多而产生锡珠。锡珠的形成还和元器件形状密切相关，元器件主体高度不同、支架高度不同，元器件下焊膏毛细作用的移动能力就不同，毛细作用强的在回流焊后容易形成锡珠。

锡珠对电路的具体影响 锡珠会使电路工作异常，特别是电容或电感旁边的锡珠。对电路影响较大的锡珠所在位置主要是紧贴在电容或电感两侧的中心位置，而且尺寸往往较大。产生锡珠后，结果会有很大变化。假设焊盘两端间距为0.8mm，锡珠为0.3mm，那么相当于两焊盘间距为0.5mm左右，这会使PCB表面绝缘值降低，而且残留越多，PCB表面绝缘值下降越大，漏电流增加，从而导致工作异常。如果两个以上的焊膏球连在一起，大小超过1/2的引脚间距或者大于0.3mm（即使小于1/2的脚间距），都是不合格的。但并非所有锡珠都会导致电路工作异常，这取决于锡珠所在的位置和大小，电阻旁边的锡珠对电路没有什么影响。虽然不是所有锡珠都会导致电路工作异常，但它们的存在确实增加了电路故障的风险。所以，在电子组装过程中应该高度重视锡珠问题，通过采取一系列预防措施来降低其发生的可能性和对电路的影响。

总结锡珠是焊接过程中常见的一种缺陷，其产生原因复杂。通过优化阻焊层特性、精确控制焊膏组成、改善润湿性、合理设计钎焊工艺和模板孔开口，以及注意元器件形状与高度的影响，可以有效减少锡珠的形成。同时，对形成的锡珠及时检测和清理，能够确保电子产品的性能和可靠性。并且采取相应的应对措施来减少锡珠产生，从而提高电子产品的焊接质量和可靠性。锡珠是焊接过程中不可忽视的问题，它的产生涉及到多个环节和因素的相互作用。从锡珠产生的源头来看，锡膏印刷环节的各种状况如印刷缺陷、锡膏坍塌以及被贴片器件挤出焊盘等情况，经过回流焊这个过程后，就容易催生锡珠的形成，而且锡珠出现的位置多在元器件侧面或者元器件下方。

众多因素对锡珠产生的影响各有不同。阻焊层特性不同，产生锡珠的数量也不同，不光滑的阻焊层残留物扩散少，锡珠产生量少，光滑的阻焊层则相反。焊膏中焊剂的比例影响显著，焊剂多容易产生锡珠，因为在钎焊时焊剂先熔化并在“毛细”作用下迁移和沉积，而焊剂少又会导致锡膏流动性差影响钎焊效果。润湿性方面，焊膏与焊盘和元器件的润湿性不好会促使锡珠形成，这既与材料本身的润湿性有关，也与钎焊工艺是否得当有关，无铅焊接时氮气保护、印刷模板焊盘清洁度等也会影响润湿性。钎焊工艺的各个参数也至关重要，钎焊温度过高、预热升温过快或过慢都会导致锡珠产生，钢网孔开口设计影响锡膏沉积量进而与锡珠产生相关，元器件形状不同其下焊膏毛细作用的移动能力有差异，也会影响锡珠的形成。

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锡珠对电路的影响不是一概而论的，在电容或电感旁边尤其是中心位置且尺寸较大的锡珠对电路影响较大，会使PCB表面绝缘值降低、漏电流增加从而导致工作异常，多个焊膏球连接且大小达到一定程度也是不合格的，但电阻旁边的锡珠对电路基本无影响。不过即使部分锡珠暂时未导致电路工作异常，也增加了电路故障的风险。

在电子组装过程中，要全面考虑锡珠产生的各个因素，从优化阻焊层、控制焊膏组成、改善润湿性、设计钎焊工艺和模板孔开口到关注元器件形状与高度等方面入手，并且要及时检测和清理锡珠，从而减少锡珠的形成，提高电子产品的焊接质量和可靠性。

锡珠是焊接过程中不可忽视的问题，它的产生涉及到多个环节和因素的相互作用。从锡珠产生的源头来看，锡膏印刷环节的各种状况如印刷缺陷、锡膏坍塌以及被贴片器件挤出焊盘等情况，经过回流焊这个过程后，就容易催生锡珠的形成，而且锡珠出现的位置多在元器件侧面或者元器件下方。

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urlrule	'/index.php?c=show&id=61&page=[page]'
fix_html_now_url	''
my_web_url	'https://fgh-sz.com/id/Lead_Free_Solder_Paste/61.html'
get	array ( 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '61', 'm' => 'index', )
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1.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/synlang/id/1.php
2.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/synlang/id/2.php
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App.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/App.php
Auto.php	FCPATH/App/Form/Config/Auto.php
Auto.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Auto.php
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AutoloadConfig.php	APPPATH/System/Config/AutoloadConfig.php
Autoloader.php	APPPATH/System/Autoloader/Autoloader.php
BaiduTransApi.php	FCPATH/App/Synlang/Models/BaiduTransApi.php
BaseBuilder.php	APPPATH/System/Database/BaseBuilder.php
BaseCollector.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php
BaseConfig.php	APPPATH/System/Config/BaseConfig.php
BaseConnection.php	APPPATH/System/Database/BaseConnection.php
BaseHandler.php	APPPATH/System/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php
BaseResult.php	APPPATH/System/Database/BaseResult.php
BaseService.php	APPPATH/System/Config/BaseService.php
Builder.php	APPPATH/System/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php
Cache.php	APPPATH/Config/Cache.php
Cache.php	APPPATH/Extend/Cache.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/App/Synlang/Models/Cache.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Cache.php
CacheFactory.php	APPPATH/System/Cache/CacheFactory.php
CacheInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Cache/CacheInterface.php
Category.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Action/Category.php
CliRenderer.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php
CodeIgniter.php	APPPATH/Extend/CodeIgniter.php
CodeIgniter.php	APPPATH/System/CodeIgniter.php
Common.php	APPPATH/System/Common.php
Config.php	APPPATH/System/Config/Config.php
Config.php	APPPATH/System/Database/Config.php
Connection.php	APPPATH/System/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php
ConnectionInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Database/ConnectionInterface.php
Constants.php	APPPATH/Config/Constants.php
Content.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Models/Content.php
Content.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	APPPATH/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
Controller.php	APPPATH/Extend/Controller.php
Controller.php	APPPATH/System/Controller.php
Database.php	APPPATH/Config/Database.php
Database.php	APPPATH/System/Database/Database.php
Database.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php
Date.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php
DebugToolbar.php	APPPATH/System/Filters/DebugToolbar.php
DotEnv.php	APPPATH/System/Config/DotEnv.php
Editor.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Editor.php
Events.php	APPPATH/Config/Events.php
Events.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php
Events.php	APPPATH/System/Events/Events.php
Exceptions.php	APPPATH/Config/Exceptions.php
Exceptions.php	APPPATH/Extend/Exceptions.php
Exceptions.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Exceptions.php
Factories.php	APPPATH/System/Config/Factories.php
Factory.php	APPPATH/System/Config/Factory.php
Field.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php
File.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php
FileHandler.php	APPPATH/System/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php
FileLocator.php	APPPATH/System/Autoloader/FileLocator.php
Files.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php
FilterInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Filters/FilterInterface.php
Filters.php	APPPATH/Config/Filters.php
Filters.php	APPPATH/System/Filters/Filters.php
Filters.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Filters.php
Header.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/Header.php
Helper.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php
Hook.php	APPPATH/Extend/Hook.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Hooks.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/App/Synlang/Config/Hooks.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php
HtmlTranslator.php	FCPATH/App/Synlang/Models/HtmlTranslator.php
Image.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Image.php
IncomingRequest.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php
Init.php	APPPATH/Init.php
Init.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php
Input.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php
Kint.php	APPPATH/Config/Kint.php
Kint.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php
Lang.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php
Logger.php	APPPATH/Config/Logger.php
Logger.php	APPPATH/System/Log/Logger.php
LoggerInterface.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php
Logs.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php
Member.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php
Message.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/Message.php
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Model.php	APPPATH/Extend/Model.php
Model.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php
Module.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Extends/Home/Module.php
Module_init.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Module_init.php
Modules.php	APPPATH/Config/Modules.php
Modules.php	APPPATH/System/Modules/Modules.php
Paths.php	APPPATH/Config/Paths.php
Phpcmf.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php
Query.php	APPPATH/System/Database/Query.php
QueryInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Database/QueryInterface.php
Renderer.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php
RendererInterface.php	APPPATH/System/View/RendererInterface.php
Request.php	APPPATH/Extend/Request.php
Request.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/Request.php
RequestInterface.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/RequestInterface.php
RequestTrait.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/RequestTrait.php
Response.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/Response.php
ResponseInterface.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php
ResponseTrait.php	APPPATH/System/API/ResponseTrait.php
ResponseTrait.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
Result.php	APPPATH/System/Database/MySQLi/Result.php
ResultInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Database/ResultInterface.php
RichRenderer.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php
RouteCollection.php	APPPATH/System/Router/RouteCollection.php
RouteCollectionInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php
Router.php	APPPATH/System/Router/Router.php
Router.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php
RouterInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Router/RouterInterface.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/Extend/Routes.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/System/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php
Run.php	FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Run.php
SaveDbAndCache.php	FCPATH/App/Synlang/Models/SaveDbAndCache.php
Security.php	APPPATH/Config/Security.php
Security.php	APPPATH/Extend/Security.php
Security.php	APPPATH/System/Security/Security.php
Security.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php
SecurityInterface.php	APPPATH/System/Security/SecurityInterface.php
Seo.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php
Service.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php
Services.php	APPPATH/Config/Services.php
Services.php	APPPATH/System/Config/Services.php
Show.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Control/Show.php
Text.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php
TextRenderer.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php
Textarea.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php
Timer.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Timer.php
Timers.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php
Toolbar.php	APPPATH/Config/Toolbar.php
Toolbar.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar.php
URI.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/URI.php
UserAgent.php	APPPATH/System/HTTP/UserAgent.php
UserAgents.php	APPPATH/Config/UserAgents.php
Utils.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php
Version.php	FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php
View.php	APPPATH/Config/View.php
View.php	APPPATH/Extend/View.php
View.php	APPPATH/System/Config/View.php
View.php	APPPATH/System/View/View.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php
Views.php	APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php
app_client.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/app_client.php
app_client_seo.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/app_client_seo.php
custom.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/custom.php
database.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/database.php
domain_app.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/domain_app.php
domain_client.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/domain_client.php
field.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/field.php
hooks.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/hooks.php
index.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/id/index.php
index.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/index.php
init.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php
init_helpers.php	APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php
lang.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php
rewrite.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/rewrite.php
site.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/site.php
system.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/system.php
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_footer.html.cache.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_footer.html.cache.php
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_header.html.cache.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_header.html.cache.php
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_show.html.cache.php	/www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_show.html.cache.php
url_helper.php	APPPATH/System/Helpers/url_helper.php

Routes

File:	{file}
App:
Controller:	show
Method:	index
URI:	show/index
URL:	https://fgh-sz.com/id/Lead_Free_Solder_Paste/61.html

Events

Time	Event Name	Times Called
11.59 ms	pre_system	1
0.13 ms	dbquery	6

History

Datetime	Status	Method	URL	Content-Type	Is AJAX?
2025-04-09 08:59:34	200	GET	https://fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:56:41	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:55:06	200	GET	https://fdgvzl1a.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:55:01	200	GET	https://fdgvzl1a.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	Yes
2025-04-09 08:55:00	200	GET	https://fdgvzl1a.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:54:19	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:53:47	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:53:22	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:52:29	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:51:52	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:51:18	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:51:01	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:48:24	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:47:21	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:47:10	200	GET	https://fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:47:09	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:45:28	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:45:21	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:45:14	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-04-09 08:45:12	200	GET	https://www.fgh-sz.com/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No

View Data

Session User Data

Session doesn't seem to be active.

Request ( HTTPS/2.0 )

$_GET

c	show
id	61
m	index

Headers

Priority	u=0, i
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Sec-Fetch-Dest	document
Sec-Fetch-User	?1
Sec-Fetch-Mode	navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site	none
Accept	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests	1
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform	"Windows"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile	?0
Sec-Ch-Ua	"HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"
Cache-Control	no-cache
Pragma	no-cache
Host	fgh-sz.com

Response ( 200 - OK )

Headers

Priority	u=0, i
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Sec-Fetch-Dest	document
Sec-Fetch-User	?1
Sec-Fetch-Mode	navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site	none
Accept	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests	1
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform	"Windows"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile	?0
Sec-Ch-Ua	"HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"
Cache-Control	no-cache
Pragma	no-cache
Host	fgh-sz.com

System Configuration

Read the CodeIgniter docs...

CodeIgniter Version:	4.2.0
PHP Version:	7.4.33
PHP SAPI:	fpm-fcgi
Environment:	development
Base URL:	https://fgh-sz.com/
Timezone:	PRC
Locale:	en
Content Security Policy Enabled:	No

解析锡珠缺陷的原因及危害

Quick links

Products

Get In Touch

Database (6 Queries across 0 Connection)

Views

运行时间：0.21ms

模板文件

引用提示

模板变量

Files ( 171 )

Routes

Events

History

View Data

Session User Data

Request ( HTTPS/2.0 )

$_GET

Headers

Response ( 200 - OK )

Headers

System Configuration

解析锡珠缺陷的原因及危害

Quick links

Products

Get In Touch

4.2.0

Database (6 Queries across 0 Connection)

Views

运行时间：0.21ms

模板文件

引用提示

模板变量

Files ( 171 )

Routes

Events

History

View Data

Session User Data

Request ( HTTPS/2.0 )

$_GET

Headers

Response ( 200 - OK )

Headers

System Configuration